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  <front>
   <journal-meta>
    <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SM</journal-id>
    <journal-title-group>
     <journal-title>Salud Mental</journal-title>
     <abbrev-journal-title>SM</abbrev-journal-title>
    </journal-title-group>
    <issn pub-type="epub">0185-3325</issn>
    <publisher>
     <publisher-name>Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</publisher-name>
    </publisher>
   </journal-meta>
   <article-meta>
    <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">SM4379</article-id>
    <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2017.010</article-id>
    <article-categories>
     <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>Review article</subject>
     </subj-group>
    </article-categories>
    <title-group>
     <article-title>An approach to the new psychoactive drugs phenomenon</article-title>
     <trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
      <trans-title>An approach to the new psychoactive drugs phenomenon</trans-title>
     </trans-title-group>
     <alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">An approach to the new psychoactive drugs phenomenon</alt-title>
    </title-group>
    <contrib-group>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Helen</surname>
       <given-names>Dolengevich-Segal</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Beatriz</surname>
       <given-names>Rodríguez-Salgado</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Jorge</surname>
       <given-names>Gómez-Arnau</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
     </contrib>
     <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
       <surname>Daniel</surname>
       <given-names>Sánchez-Mateos</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004">4</xref>
     </contrib>
    </contrib-group>
    <aff id="AF0001">
     <label>1</label>
     Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario del Henares. Coslada, Madrid.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0002">
     <label>2</label>
     Fundación Psiformación. Madrid.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0003">
     <label>3</label>
     Centro de Salud Mental de San Blas. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Madrid.
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0004">
     <label>4</label>
     Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia.
    </aff>
    <author-notes>
     <corresp id="cor1">
      Correspondence: Helen Dolengevich-Segal. Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario del Henares. Avenida de Marie Curie s/n, 28822 Coslada, Madrid, España. Phone: (0034) 91191-2852. E-mail: e.dolengevich@gmail.com
      <email xlink:href="e.dolengevich@gmail.com">e.dolengevich@gmail.com</email>
     </corresp>
    </author-notes>
    <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2017</year>
    </pub-date>
    <volume>40</volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <fpage>71</fpage>
    <lpage>82</lpage>
    <history>
     <date date-type="received">
      <day>20</day>
      <month>04</month>
      <year>2016</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>08</day>
      <month>03</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
     <date date-type="Publicado on-line">
      <day>12</day>
      <month>04</month>
      <year>2017</year>
     </date>
    </history>
    <permissions>
     <copyright-statement>© 2001-2015. Todos los Derechos Reservados a Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz</copyright-statement>
     <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
     <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
      <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (by-nc) Spain 3.0 License.</license-p>
     </license>
    </permissions>
    <abstract xml:lang="en">Background. The new psychoactive drugs (NPD) are those that represent a danger to public health and are not prohibited by conventions on international narcotics. The concept also includes new contexts and new routes of consumption as well as novel ways of distribution, notably Internet. The risks associated with NPD consumption are largely unknown to users and to health care providers. Objective. To integrate the existing evidence regarding the main NPD in terms of description, epidemiology, psychopharmacology, medical complications and psychoactive effects. Method. To review relevant and updated clinical information on NPD obtained from specialized books and indexed scientific journals (PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus), as well as official documents edited by international organizations dedicated to the epidemiologic analysis of drug abuse and Internet websites and forums managed by psychoactive substance users. Results. Aspects of clinical and pharmacological interest are described comprehensively, together with epidemiological data and risks associated to the consumption of the most relevant NPD: synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, NBOMe series, indoleamines, piperazines, hallucinogenic mushrooms (Psilocybe SP.), synthetic opioids, plant products (khat, kratom, Salvia divinorum, ayahuasca) and dissociative anesthetics. Discussion and conclusion. The emergence of the NPD is a phenomenon on the rise with important consequences for public health. Learning about new trends in drug consumption and its potential risks should be essential for the medical professional. New research is needed in order to understand the phenomenon of the NPD and its pharmacological, clinical and legal implications.</abstract>
    <trans-abstract xml:lang="es">Antecedentes. Las nuevas drogas psicoactivas (NDP) son aquellas que, aun cuando representan un peligro para la salud p&uacute;blica, no est&aacute;n prohibidas por los acuerdos internacionales sobre narc&oacute;ticos. La noci&oacute;n incluye tambi&eacute;n nuevos contextos de usos, nuevas formas de administraci&oacute;n y nuevas v&iacute;as de distribuci&oacute;n, entre las que destaca Internet. Los riesgos asociados al consumo de NDP son en gran medida desconocidos por los usuarios y el personal de salud. Objetivo. Integrar la informaci&oacute;n existente sobre las principales NDP en cuanto a su descripci&oacute;n, psicofarmacolog&iacute;a, epidemiolog&iacute;a, efectos psicoactivos y complicaciones m&eacute;dicas descritas. M&eacute;todo. Revisi&oacute;n de la informaci&oacute;n actualizada de relevancia cl&iacute;nica sobre las NDP obtenida de libros especializados y revistas cient&iacute;ficas indexadas (PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus); de documentos oficiales de organismos internacionales dedicados a la epidemiolog&iacute;a del consumo de drogas, y de portales y foros en Internet gestionados por usuarios de sustancias psicoactivas. Resultados. Se describen de manera detallada aspectos de inter&eacute;s cl&iacute;nico y farmacol&oacute;gico, as&iacute; como datos epidemiol&oacute;gicos y riesgos asociados al consumo de las NDP m&aacute;s relevantes: cannabinoides sint&eacute;ticos, catinonas sint&eacute;ticas, serie de los NBOMe, indolaminas, piperazinas, hongos alucin&oacute;genos (Psilocybe sp.), opioides sint&eacute;ticos, productos vegetales (khat, kratom, Salvia divinorum, ayahuasca) y anest&eacute;sicos disociativos. Discusi&oacute;n y conclusi&oacute;n. El surgimiento de las NDP es un fen&oacute;meno en auge con importantes consecuencias en la salud p&uacute;blica. Se hace imprescindible para el profesional m&eacute;dico conocer las nuevas tendencias en el consumo y los riesgos potenciales del mismo. Son necesarias tambi&eacute;n nuevas investigaciones para comprender el fen&oacute;meno de las NDP y sus implicaciones farmacol&oacute;gicas, cl&iacute;nicas y legales.</trans-abstract>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
     <kwd>Spice</kwd>
     <kwd>cathinone</kwd>
     <kwd>psychoactive drugs</kwd>
     <kwd>khat</kwd>
     <kwd>opioids</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
    <kwd-group xml:lang="es">
     <kwd>Spice</kwd>
     <kwd>catinona</kwd>
     <kwd>drogas psicoactivas</kwd>
     <kwd>khat</kwd>
     <kwd>opioides</kwd>
    </kwd-group>
   </article-meta>
  </front>
 </article>

