Mental health literacy about bipolar disorder and schizophrenia among medical students: a comparative study of illness recognition, treatment, and attitudes according to perception of aggressiveness-dangerousness
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Resumen
Introducción. La falta de información puede dar como resultado actitudes negativas de los profesionales de la salud hacia los individuos con trastornos mentales.
Objetivo. Determinar la asociación entre la percepción de agresión-peligrosidad y el reconocimiento de la enfermedad, tratamiento sugerido y actitudes sobre la esquizofrenia y el trastorno bipolar en un grupo de estudiantes de pregrado de medicina.
Método. El presente es un estudio no experimental, transversal comparativo en una muestra propositiva de estudiantes de medicina. El reconocimiento de la enfermedad, creencias acerca del tratamiento más adecuado, percepción de la agresión-peligrosidad del paciente y las actitudes hacia los trastornos mentales graves fueron evaluados con instrumentos previamente validados.
Resultados. El 54.8% de un total de 104 participantes identificaron un estado de salud mental en la viñeta de esquizofrenia en contraste con tan sólo el 3.8% para el caso de trastorno bipolar. La mayoría de los estudiantes consideraron que ambos diagnósticos se relacionaban con conductas agresivas. La peligrosidad fue percibida más frecuentemente en la viñeta del caso con esquizofrenia.
Discusión y conclusión. Es necesario sensibilizar y educar a los estudiantes de medicina para que tengan información clara y precisa sobre los síntomas y tratamientos disponibles para los individuos con trastornos mentales.
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