Salud Mental

Relevance of the voice in the process of gender affirmation in transsexual women: A cross-sectional study

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Rafael Jesús Salín Pascual
Mario Sergio Dávalos Fuentes

Resumen

Introducción. La voz es un marcador de género y como tal puede ocasionar disforia de género. Existe una relación entre la ansiedad y la depresión y las dificultades relacionadas con la voz en mujeres trans (MT). La terapia de sustitución hormonal (TSH) en MT no feminiza la voz. El acceso a un tratamiento de feminización de voz es limitado, mientras que la población que demanda servicios de salud transgénero está aumentando.

Objetivo. Describir el grado de disforia relacionado con la voz de las MT que buscan un tratamiento de feminización de voz.

Método. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, 26 MT respondieron cuestionarios de calidad de vida (CV) y expresaron los motivos para buscar feminizar su voz. Se midió la frecuencia fundamental (f0).

Resultados. El 77% de las participantes eran reconocidas legalmente como mujeres, 96% tomaban TSH y 27% tenía antecedente de una cirugía de afirmación de género. La mediana de la f0 fue de 131 Hz. El puntaje medio en el Cuestionario de Voz para Mujeres Trans fue de 95 puntos (DE = 14.3) y tuvo una mala correlación con la f0. La expectativa principal fue lograr una voz femenina que permitiera una conformidad de género.

Discusión y conclusión. Una voz género-discordante afecta la CV. El 97% describió que su voz ideal sería femenina, pero ninguna percibió su voz como tal. La incapacidad para satisfacer las necesidades de afirmación de género tiene un efecto negativo sobre la CV. Mejorar el acceso a procedimientos de afirmación de género en instituciones públicas sin patologizar a las personas transgénero es una agenda pendiente. Existe evidencia de que los procedimientos de feminización de voz benefician a las MT, aunque se desconoce cuál es la mejor manera de medir el éxito.
Palabras clave:
Voz, mujeres trans, procedimientos de reasignación de sexo, calidad de vida

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