Estudio piloto de factibilidad sobre un programa individualizado de rehabilitación cognitiva en adultosmexicanos con demencia leve
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Resumen
Introducción. La demencia es un problema mundial de salud pública, actualmente no existe una cura. El creciente número de intervenciones no farmacológicas para el manejo de la demencia nos desafía a brindar atención basada en evidencia.
Objetivo. Evaluar la factibilidad de llevar a cabo un programa individualizado de rehabilitación cognitiva derivado del ensayo francés ETNA3 en sujetos mexicanos mayores de 55 años con demencia leve tipo Alzheimer y sus cuidadores que viven en la comunidad.
Método. Estudio de factibilidad no aleatorizado, la intervención consistió en un programa de rehabilitación cognitiva de 12 meses, distribuido en 18 sesiones de 90 minutos, fue administrado por psicólogos capacitados y estandarizados en base al programa francés ETNA3. Para evaluar la factibilidad se determinó el porcentaje de elegibilidad, aceptabilidad, retención y cumplimiento, se evaluaron los efectos adversos y el grado de satisfacción en los pacientes y sus cuidadores.
Resultados. Aceptaron participar 32 personas con demencia y sus cuidadores, la edad media de los participantes fue 80 ± 8 años, la mayoría (72 %) eran mujeres y el 78% tenían 5 o más años de escolaridad. A los 12 meses, 28 sujetos (87 %) completaron el programa con 100 % de cumplimiento a las sesiones programadas.
Discusión. Este estudio muestra la factibilidad de un programa de rehabilitación cognitiva individualizado basado en ETNA3 en sujetos mexicanos con demencia leve y sus cuidadores.
Conclusiones. Se necesitan más estudios que evalúen la importancia de terapeutas capacitados y del apoyo de cuidadores para lograr cambios cognitivos y funcionales significativos en los pacientes.
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