Relación entre la calidad del sueño y la personalidad basada en el Modelo de los Cinco Grandes Factores en una muestra no clínica
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Resumen
Introducción. El sueño es esencial para mantener la salud, el bienestar y la funcionalidad. Los rasgos de personalidad del Modelo de Cinco Factores (MCF) han mostrado ser prometedores como determinantes de la calidad del sueño.
Objetivo. Explorar la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad y la calidad del sueño en una muestra brasileña, probando un modelo predictivo basado en la regresión lineal múltiple.
Método. El estudio involucró a 447 participantes adultos (edad promedio: 37.7 años) que completaron una encuesta en línea utilizando los siguientes instrumentos: un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI-BR), el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente (PHQ-4) y el Inventario de los Cinco Grandes (BFI). Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante anuncios en redes sociales que invitaban a participar voluntariamente en un estudio sobre la calidad del sueño.
Resultados. El modelo de regresión reveló que la edad, el nivel de educación, el ingreso familiar, el IMC, el neuroticismo y la presencia de síntomas psicopatológicos fueron predictores de la calidad del sueño. Las variables de género, conciencia, extraversión y amabilidad no fueron predictoras de la calidad del sueño en el análisis multivariante.
Discusión y conclusión. El estudio enfatiza el papel del neuroticismo en la predicción de la calidad del sueño sobre otros rasgos de personalidad. Además, los resultados sugieren que el riesgo o protección contra el desarrollo de síntomas de ansiedad y depresivos es un mecanismo clave que vincula los rasgos de personalidad con el sueño. Por lo tanto, estos hallazgos pueden ayudar a identificar a individuos en riesgo de trastornos del sueño y en el desarrollo de estrategias de intervención en salud.
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