Desenlaces relacionados con el suicidio en poblaciones clínicas de adolescentes: el efecto del sexo en los factores preventivos
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Resumen
Introducción. Los desenlaces relacionados con el suicidio (RRSs), como la ideación e intentos, son una de las principales causas de mortalidad en adolescentes en entornos clínicos. Es crucial desarrollar estrategias basadas en la cultura y el sexo para identificar a quienes presentan mayor riesgo y posibilitar intervenciones preventivas inmediatas.
Objetivo. Comparar características sociodemográficas y clínicas de adolescentes con (no)-RRSs y con (ideación/intento)-RRSs, estratificados por sexo, y analizar su relación con factores de la psicopatología.
Método. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, multiinformante, con muestreo consecutivo en visitas clínicas regulares. Se utilizó una herramienta de evaluación con variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, gravedad general y funcionamiento global. Se analizaron diferencias entre grupos y se aplicó análisis factorial exploratorio para identificar factores latentes de psicopatología.
Resultados. Los hombres presentaron más (ideación/intento)-RRSs que las mujeres (n = 143, 58 [40.56 %] vs. n = 158, 52 [32.91 %], U = 7585.5, p = .0135). En (ideación)-RRSs, los hombres mostraron mayor psicopatología total, mientras que las mujeres obtuvieron puntajes significativamente más altos en factores internalizados y de desarrollo neurológico. En (intento)-RRSs, las mujeres reportaron puntajes más elevados en factores psicóticos.
Discusión y conclusión. Los adolescentes con (ideación/intento)-RRSs presentan mayor psicopatología. Aunque los hombres reportaron más RRSs, las mujeres mostraron puntajes más altos en síntomas internalizados. Identificar factores internalizados y de desarrollo neurológico podría mejorar la detección temprana y prevención en adolescentes, especialmente mujeres.
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