Autoestima de mujeres con cáncer de mama en tratamiento oncológico: un estudio transversa
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Resumen
Introducción. El cáncer de mama es el tipo de cáncer más común y la principal causa de mortalidad por cáncer entre las mujeres, con impactos biopsicosociales que pueden afectar significativamente la autoestima.
Objetivo. Analizar la autoestima de mujeres con cáncer de mama sometidas a tratamiento oncológico y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, conductuales y relacionadas con el tratamiento.
Método. Se trata de un estudio transversal, cuantitativo y descriptivo-analítico realizado con 210 mujeres en un Centro Oncológico de Alta Complejidad. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevistas utilizando la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y analizados con pruebas estadísticas y regresión logística.
Resultados. La mayoría de las participantes reportó una autoestima alta (86.2%), mientras que el 11.4% tenía autoestima moderada y el 2.4% autoestima baja. Las creencias religiosas, los hábitos religiosos, los síntomas/efectos secundarios y los eventos significativos de la vida se asociaron con la autoestima. Específicamente, los hábitos religiosos, la presencia de efectos secundarios y la ocurrencia de eventos significativos contribuyeron a la reducción de la autoestima en ciertos casos.
Discusión y conclusión. A pesar del predominio de una autoestima alta, factores como la religiosidad, los síntomas físicos y los acontecimientos vitales significativos influyen negativamente en la autoestima. El equipo sanitario desempeña un papel esencial en la prestación de una atención integral, y futuros estudios deberían explorar intervenciones dirigidas a promover el bienestar emocional y la autoestima en mujeres con cáncer de mama sometidas a tratamiento oncológico.
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