Variables asociadas con la calidad de vida y la desesperanza de las personas en duelo
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Resumen
Introducción. La pérdida de un ser querido puede afectar significativamente la calidad de vida e incrementar la desesperanza. Este impacto puede ser mayor en algunos grupos demográficos específicos.
Objetivo. El presente estudio buscó identificar variables sociodemográficas asociadas con la calidad de vida y la desesperanza en personas que perdieron un ser querido durante la pandemia de COVID-19.
Método. Se examinaron los datos de línea base del proyecto Duelo Covid, el cual evaluó a personas que buscaban acompañamiento psicológico por la pérdida de un ser querido. Se usaron análisis bivariados y de regresión múltiple para identificar posibles variables asociadas con las cuatro dimensiones de calidad de vida del WHOQOL-BREF, así como con la desesperanza, medida con la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck.
Resultados. Ser varón, tener de 40 años a más, contar con trabajo, tener educación superior y no encontrarse bajo medicación psicotrópica fueron variables que se asociaron significativamente con una menor desesperanza y con mayor calidad de vida en sus distintas dimensiones.
Discusión y conclusión. La desesperanza y la calidad de vida no son homogéneos entre todas las personas que pierden a un ser querido. Esto sugiere que algunas inequidades preexistentes se reflejan también al experimentar un proceso de duelo. Se sugiere que estudios posteriores examinen longitudinalmente los cambios experimentados ante una pérdida humana.
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