Vulnerability means susceptibility to developing a health or mental health problem. Vulnerable populations at high risk of developing mental health problems, include, among others, those facing individual-level social determinants such as socioeconomic disadvantage, loneliness and social isolation, sex-based inequalities, prenatal, perinatal and childhood adversity, migration, and discrimination and violence for being part of LGBTQ+ community.

This monographic supplement aims to bring together front-line research to advance our knowledge and contribute to improving mental health of those in more need. We attempt to showcase studies that reach into the risk and protective factors, mechanisms and tailored interventions for these vulnerable populations, particularly in Latin America and the Global South, where limited scientific literature in the field has been published. Empirical quantitative, qualitative or mixed studies, as well as systematic reviews about comprehensive bio-psychosocial risk/protective models, prevention strategies, community-based interventions, digital health solutions, and long-term outcomes are particularly welcome.